A successful case using genetic transformation to improve resistance against a disease is the case of transgenic papaya (Carica papaya) resistant to Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV).
Which papaya species is resistant to virus?
Scientists successfully created two virus-resistant varieties of papaya: SunUp and Rainbow. SunUp had reddish-flesh fruit and two copies of the coat protein (cp) gene.
Which papaya species is resistant to distortion ringspot virus?
Rainbow is produced on 76% of Hawaiian papaya acreage, while SunUp is hardly grown commercially. SunUp is thought to be more resistant to exotic strains of PRSV, while Rainbow has shown susceptibility to such exotic strains of the virus.
How was virus-resistant papaya created?
Using the newly-invented technique of genetic modification, they used a genetic sequence from the virus and inserted it into the papaya genome. Analagous to vaccination in humans, this produced 100% virus-resistant plants.
What process was used to very successfully combat ringspot virus infection of the Hawaiian papaya crop in the 1980s?
Like other potyviruses, PRSV is transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by several species of aphids. Genetically engineered (GE) papaya has been used to successfully control the disease caused by PRSV in Hawaii.
What is resistant to RIngspot virus?
The virus is transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by a number of aphid species. Genetically engineered papaya expressing the coat protein gene of PRSV are resistant to the virus and are used commercially in Hawaii, one of only two cases for using commercial transgenic virus-resistant crops in the US.
Which variety is best in papaya?
The Coorg honeydew variety of Papaya is cultivated for both processing and table purposes. This variety of papaya bears greenish-yellow oblong-shaped fruits with orange flesh and great flavour. This variety has a high market value because of its great fruit quality.
Which papaya is not GMO?
Other varieties that are not genetically modified include: The Mexican Red (red flesh), Caribbean Red, Maradol, Royal Star papayas (red flesh and often sold at Whole Foods), The Singapore Pink (bright orange flesh), and the Higgins variety (a bright yellow flesh).
What is the purpose of GM papaya?
The GM papaya, developed at the University of Hawaii. is generally celebrated as having saved the papaya industry in Hawaii from the Papaya RIngspot virus. However, the GM papaya has also resulted in widespread contamination.
How do papaya plants control viruses?
The most effective treatment was application of neem oil 1% + Dimethoate 1.05% with least disease incidence (6.66%) and 41.66% respectively at 60 and 150 DAP.
How are virus resistant plants created?
Non-conventional methods have also been used successfully to confer virus resistance by transferring primarily virus-derived genes, including viral coat protein, replicase, movement protein, defective interfering RNA, non-coding RNA sequences, and protease, into susceptible plants.
Which papaya is genetically modified?
the Rainbow papaya
Thankfully, Gonsalves, a Hawaiian-born scientist at Cornell University, developed a genetically modified papaya, known as the Rainbow papaya, designed to be resistant to the virus. Gonsalves and his team planted a trial of the Rainbow papaya on the island of Puna.
Which Jamaican scientist helped make papaya resistant to disease?
Paula Tennant is the first person from the Caribbean to develop a bioengineered plant product and the first to create a papaya that is resistant to the Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV). Paula Tennant was born in Kingston in 1967.
What was the name of the disease that was destroying the papaya trees?
Papaya ringspot virus is transmitted from infected papaya trees to healthy trees by the feeding action of various species of aphids, especially the green peach aphid and melon aphid.
What is the name of the disease that threatened the papaya population before genetic modification and what are its symptoms?
Papaya ringspot disease is caused by a plant virus called Papaya ringspot virus – type P (PRSV-P) which belongs to the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. Two distinct types of Papaya ringspot virus are known: Papaya ringspot virus – type P (PRSV-P) which infects papaya and cucurbits.
Which of the following genetically modified plants is designed to resist pests?
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops are plants genetically engineered (modified) to contain the endospore (or crystal) toxins of the bacterium, Bt to be resistant to certain insect pests.
What are disease-resistant varieties?
Disease-resistant varieties are attractive because they should pose little or no risk to the environment and enable growers to reduce and in some cases eliminate the need for pesticides. In some host-pathogen systems, resistance may persist for many years, but in others it may be short-lived (Koike et al., 2000).
What are the resistant varieties?
Resistant varieties are plants within a certain group that are less vulnerable to attack by plant pests or diseases. In seed catalogs, these are often indicated by codes, which may vary from company to company. The use of resistant varieties is strongly recommended if pest or disease issues have arisen in the past.
How are disease-resistant varieties made?
Complete answer: To produce new crop varieties or disease-resistant high yielding plants, classical plant breeding uses the intentional crossing of closely or distantly related individuals. To introduce traits/genes from one variety or line into a new genetic history, plants are crossbred.
What fertilizer is best for papaya?
14-14-14 fertilizer
A 14-14-14 fertilizer, given in four-ounce increments every six months, is the finest fertilizer for papaya trees. Compost is a great option since it not only provides nitrogen to the papaya tree but also enhances drainage and generates wet, rich soil.
Are there 2 types of papaya?
There are two types of papayas, Hawaiian and Mexican. The Hawaiian varieties are the papayas commonly found in supermarkets. These pear-shaped fruits generally weigh about 1 pound and have yellow skin when ripe. The flesh is bright orange or pinkish, depending on variety, with small black seeds clustered in the center.