The genome has been completely sequenced and is 6656 nucleotides long. It is transmitted by mechanical inoculation. No insect vector is involved and it is not transmitted in seeds.
| Papaya mosaic virus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Family: | Alphaflexiviridae |
| Genus: | Potexvirus |
| Species: | Papaya mosaic virus |
How is the mosaic virus spread?
Mosaic viruses can be spread by weeds, infected seeds, an infected plant, or certain insects. Mosaic virus overwinters on perennial weeds and is spread by insects that feed on them. Aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, and cucumber beetles are common garden pests that can transmit this disease.
What causes papaya mosaic virus?
Papaya mosaic disease
Causes leaf mosaic and stunting in papaya. Young seedlings in the greenhouse show vein-clearing and downward cupping of the leaves about 5 days after inoculation. A mottle or mosaic develops after 15-20 days. Symptoms appear on the young leaves of the plants.
How is papaya ringspot virus spread?
Papaya ringspot disease is spread from plant-to-plant by aphids, which are small sap-sucking insects. There are many species of aphids that are capable of transmitting the virus.
What is the mode of transmission of cucumber mosaic virus?
Cucumber mosaic virus is transmitted by the mechanical inoculation of plant sap and aphids are the most important means of natural transmission (Edwardson and Christie, 1986). More than 80 aphid species have been described as CMV vectors and transmit the virus in a non-persistent, stylet-borne manner.
How fast does mosaic virus spread?
Cucumber mosaic virus is spread from plant-to-plant by many species of aphids. Aphids only retain the ability to transmit these viruses for very short periods of time (minutes to a few hours). Thus, spread is often very rapid and local.
What plants does mosaic virus infect?
Mosaic viruses affect a wide range of edible crops – alfalfa, apples, beans, celery, corn, cucumbers, figs, peppers, spinach, tobacco and tomatoes are some of the more common ones. They can also infect ornamental plants like abultilon, delphinium, gladiola, marigold, petunia and one of the most notable, roses.
How can papaya mosaic virus be prevented?
How to Control Mosaic Viruses
- Remove all infected plants and destroy them. Do NOT put them in the compost pile, as the virus may persist in infected plant matter.
- Monitor the rest of your plants closely, especially those that were located near infected plants.
- Disinfect gardening tools after every use.
How can we prevent transmission of Prsv?
There are no treatments for viruses. Since Papaya ringspot virus may have spread before the symptoms appeared, the focus should be on prevention such as using resistant crop varieties and eliminating weeds and aphids.
How do you control papaya mosaic?
Preventive Measures
- Plant seeds or seedlings from healthy plants or from certified sources.
- Rotate with non-host crops.
- Beware of carrying infected soil or plant material to uninfected fields.
- Spot, remove and destroy infected plants or plant parts.
- Disinfect your tools and equipment with heat or other methods.
Is papaya ringspot virus harmful to humans?
PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya is environmentally safe and has no harmful effects on human health.
When did the papaya virus start?
PRSV was discovered on the island of Oahu in the 1940s where Hawaii’s papaya industry was located. In the 1950s, PRSV caused severe damage to papaya orchards on Oahu, and thus papaya production was relocated to the Puna district on the island of Hawaii in the early 1960s.
What virus commonly infects organic papayas?
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a pathogenic plant virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae which primarily infects the papaya tree. The virus is a non-enveloped, flexuous rod-shaped particle that is between 760–800 nm long and 12 nm in diameter.
Does mosaic virus live in soil?
In 1929 Johnson and Ogden (6) presented data showing that the tobacco mosaic virus overwintered naturally in the soil under Wis- consin conditions, and that tobacco transplanted to heavily infested soils developed much higher percentages of infection than did similar plants set in virus-free or slightly infested soils.
Is mosaic virus harmful to humans?
“These viruses are specific to plants and do not harm humans. The presence of mosaic won’t cause fruits to rot prematurely but severely distorted fruit will have a different texture, so use your own judgement.”
Is cucumber mosaic virus seed borne?
Analysis of individual whole seeds showed that seed-borne infection of CMV in pepper ranged from 95 to 100%. Further seed-growth tests were performed in Petri dishes and CMV was detected in both seed coat and embryo. Seed coat infection of CMV ranged from 53 to 83% while that of the embryo ranged from 10 to 46%.
Can mosaic virus spread to other plants?
There are many viruses that can infect tomatoes. They are often capable of infecting many other species of plants as well. For example, tomato mosaic virus most often infects tomatoes, but can also infect pepper, potato, apple, pear, cherry and numerous weeds, including pigweed and lamb’s quarters.
How long can mosaic virus live on surfaces?
50 years
The virus is very persistent on bench tops and other materials. It can be infective as long as 8 years on bench tops and 50 years in dried plant material.
How do you test for mosaic virus?
The Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) ImmunoStrip® is used to detect the presence of TMV in many different crops including vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. ImmunoStrips® are the perfect screening tool for use in the field, greenhouse, and the lab. The TMV ImmunoStrip® cross-reacts with many other Tobamoviruses.
What causes mosaic disease?
mosaic, plant disease caused by various strains of several hundred viruses. A number of economically important crops are susceptible to mosaic infections, including tobacco, cassava, beet, cucumber, and alfalfa.
What is mosaic formation in plants?
Mosaic formation is the presence of some light and dark green patches in the leaves of plants which is mainly caused by the viral diseases. Leaf rolling is curving the leaves of plants outwards. Due to some diseases the plant which is mostly green in color gets converted into the yellow color plant.