Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV).
A successful case using genetic transformation to improve resistance against a disease is the case of transgenic papaya (Carica papaya) resistant to Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). PRSV is a potyvirus that is primarily transmitted by aphids.
What is virus-resistant papaya?
Scientists successfully created two virus-resistant varieties of papaya: SunUp and Rainbow. SunUp had reddish-flesh fruit and two copies of the coat protein (cp) gene. Rainbow, which had yellow-flesh fruit and only one copy of the coat protein (cp) gene, was a hybrid of SunUp and a popular non-transgenic variety.
What type of virus is a genetically modified papaya?
papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
Abstract. Papaya orchards throughout most of the world are severely damaged by the destructive disease caused by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). PRSV-resistant papaya expressing the coat protein gene (CP) of PRSV have been used in Hawaii to control PRSV since 1998.
What kind of modification was done to papaya to make it resistant to ringspot virus?
genetic modification
Using the newly-invented technique of genetic modification, they used a genetic sequence from the virus and inserted it into the papaya genome. Analagous to vaccination in humans, this produced 100% virus-resistant plants.
What is genetically modified in papaya?
Scientist Dennis Gonsalves is credited with developing the GMO papaya. Gonsalves and two other scientists inserted a gene from the ringspot virus into the papaya’s genetic code, which is like someone getting a vaccination.
Which bacteria is found in papaya?
The Bacillus species is a predominant bacterial endophyte across papaya varieties. The seeds and the endocarp of papaya fruits harbour Kocuria, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter species. The Staphylococcus species were detected in the fruit mesocarp of two papaya varieties used in the study.
What is resistance virus?
Virus resistance conferred by endogenous viral sequences represents a special type of adaptive mutation, and illustrates that so-called junk DNA can provide a host function that has considerable selective value.
What is resistant to ringspot virus?
The virus is transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by a number of aphid species. Genetically engineered papaya expressing the coat protein gene of PRSV are resistant to the virus and are used commercially in Hawaii, one of only two cases for using commercial transgenic virus-resistant crops in the US.
What is the benefits of GMO papaya?
Genetic Modification of Papayas
DNA from the ring spot virus that affects papayas is incorporated into the DNA of papayas so that they become resistant to the virus. PROS: Crop resistance. Increased security for papaya farmers.
What causes papaya ringspot virus?
Papaya ringspot disease is spread from plant-to-plant by aphids, which are small sap-sucking insects. There are many species of aphids that are capable of transmitting the virus.
How do papaya plants control viruses?
The most effective treatment was application of neem oil 1% + Dimethoate 1.05% with least disease incidence (6.66%) and 41.66% respectively at 60 and 150 DAP.
Which of the following genetically modified plants is designed to resist pests?
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops are plants genetically engineered (modified) to contain the endospore (or crystal) toxins of the bacterium, Bt to be resistant to certain insect pests.
What modifying technique does Rainbow papaya use?
“Transforming” the papaya for virus resistance
They used “genetic engineering” or “genetic transformation” techniques to insert part of the virus into the nucleus of a papaya cell.
Are genetically modified papayas safe?
Genetically modified papaya produce the coat protein because they contain a gene taken from the virus. Transgenes themselves are made out of DNA (which is found in all living cells), and are therefore designated by the FDA as Generally Recognized as Safe, or GRAS.
How do you know if a papaya is GMO?
Reading the label will tell you if produce is GMO. Four-digit numbers indicate that the produce is conventionally grown, as Caribbean Red Papaya are. Five-digit numbers that start with 8 indicate that the fruit or vegetable is GMO. If the number starts with 9, it means it’s organic.
What diseases do papaya get?
Papaya : Diseases and Symptoms
- Foot rot of papaya.
- Anthracnose.
- Powdery mildews.
- Papaya ring spot disease.
- Papaya mosaic disease.
- Papaya leaf curl disease.
- IPM for Papaya.
Is papaya anti bacterial?
Carica papaya seeds contain anti-bacterial activity that inhibits growth of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Observed activity was independent of stage of fruit maturity. Carica papaya has antibacterial effects that could be useful in treating chronic skin ulcers to promote healing.
What diseases can papaya cure?
The possible health benefits of consuming papaya include a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, aiding in digestion, improving blood glucose control in people with diabetes, lowering blood pressure, and improving wound healing.
Which of the following is a virus resistant GMO?
The first commercially produced virus resistant GM crop was squash, which exhibited resistance to watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) [16,17]. This was followed by transgenic papaya with resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) [18].
What is the example of virus resistance?
The first example of genetically engineered virus resistance was TMV resistance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (Abel et al. 1986). Researchers hypothesized that they could develop resistance genes from plant virus sequences, perhaps duplicating the phenomenon of cross protection transgenically.
What is a genetically modified plants to resist certain viruses?
Transgenic plants carrying nucleotide sequences derived from plant viruses can exhibit increased resistance to viral disease. Many viral sequences confer some level of either resistance to infection or suppression of disease symptoms (tolerance).