Genetic element (GENE) The cp gene from PRSV encodes the coat protein (CP) gene from Papaya ringspot virus. Through a process related to viral cross-protection, transgenic lines with this gene exhibit resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PRSV.
How is PRSV spread?
PRSV-P spreads most quickly when aphids feed on plants that have been sprayed with insecticide – the insecticide irritates the aphid, and so it moves from plant to plant, spreading PRSV-P to every host plant it probes (‘tastes’) along the way.
What symptom is caused by PRSV?
PRSV-P. Symptoms are typical of viral diseases. Papaya exhibits yellowing, leaf distortion, and severe mosaic. Oily or water-soaked spots and streaks appear on the trunk and petioles.
Which gene was used for development of transgenic papaya against PRSV?
The use of PTGS to produce PRSV-resistant papaya is a proven approach to management of PRSV. We used an RNAi strategy to target a conserved region of the PRSV CP gene during virus replication to develop resistance to a broad spectrum of PRSV isolates from Hainan.
Is PRSV a DNA virus?
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae.
How do you prevent PRSV?
There are no treatments for viruses. Since Papaya ringspot virus may have spread before the symptoms appeared, the focus should be on prevention such as using resistant crop varieties and eliminating weeds and aphids.
When did the papaya virus start?
PRSV was discovered on the island of Oahu in the 1940s where Hawaii’s papaya industry was located. In the 1950s, PRSV caused severe damage to papaya orchards on Oahu, and thus papaya production was relocated to the Puna district on the island of Hawaii in the early 1960s.
Which virus causes papaya ring spot disease?
Papaya ringspot disease is caused by a plant virus called Papaya ringspot virus – type P (PRSV-P) which belongs to the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. Two distinct types of Papaya ringspot virus are known: Papaya ringspot virus – type P (PRSV-P) which infects papaya and cucurbits.
What is virus resistant papaya?
Scientists successfully created two virus-resistant varieties of papaya: SunUp and Rainbow. SunUp had reddish-flesh fruit and two copies of the coat protein (cp) gene. Rainbow, which had yellow-flesh fruit and only one copy of the coat protein (cp) gene, was a hybrid of SunUp and a popular non-transgenic variety.
What diseases affect papaya?
Papaya : Diseases and Symptoms
- Foot rot of papaya.
- Anthracnose.
- Powdery mildews.
- Papaya ring spot disease.
- Papaya mosaic disease.
- Papaya leaf curl disease.
- IPM for Papaya.
What gene was in Rainbow papaya?
The Rainbow papaya is an F-1 hybrid variety of papaya produced by crossing Hawaii’s yellow-flesh Kapoho Solo variety with the red-flesh SunUp.
Why is papaya genetically modified?
Without biotechnology, “There’s no papaya industry. Simple as that,” said Dennis Gonsalves, the scientist who developed the GMO papaya. The papaya ringspot virus nearly wiped the crop out. The virus first hit Hawaii in the 1940s and by the 1990s had reached almost every area that grows papaya.
What is the inserted gene in the genetically modified soybeans?
These beans typically have herbicide-resistant genes inserted into their genetic structure so that farmers can use herbicides to destroy invasive weeds without harming the soybean plant.
Are there non GMO papayas?
Other varieties that are not genetically modified include: The Mexican Red (red flesh), Caribbean Red, Maradol, Royal Star papayas (red flesh and often sold at Whole Foods), The Singapore Pink (bright orange flesh), and the Higgins variety (a bright yellow flesh).
What is resistant to ringspot virus?
Papaya orchards throughout most of the world are severely damaged by the destructive disease caused by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). PRSV-resistant papaya expressing the coat protein gene (CP) of PRSV have been used in Hawaii to control PRSV since 1998.
Why is papaya selectively bred?
The papaya breeding and varietal development project has moved the industry significantly towards its objective of producing varieties with excellent flavour and appearance as well as good agronomic characteristics.
Is papaya ringspot virus harmful to humans?
PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya is environmentally safe and has no harmful effects on human health.
Has the papaya ringspot virus been eradicated?
It has been eradicated from Cook Islands. PRSV-P infects papaya and cucurbits (cucumber, melons, pumpkin, squash and zucchini). PRSV-W infects cucurbits only. Leaves become mottled with intense yellow and green patterns (known as mosaics) (Photo 1); they are also distorted and much smaller than normal.
How do papaya plants control viruses?
The most effective treatment was application of neem oil 1% + Dimethoate 1.05% with least disease incidence (6.66%) and 41.66% respectively at 60 and 150 DAP.
What ethical issues or concerns may arise as a result of this GMO papaya?
Five sets of ethical concerns have been raised about GM crops: potential harm to human health; potential damage to the environment; negative impact on traditional farming practice; excessive corporate dominance; and the ‘unnaturalness’ of the technology.
What is the risk of GM papaya?
The risks include the creation of new and more potent viral diseases. Growers also worry that the Rainbow plants may contaminate nearby organic papaya plants by fertilizing them with genetically modified pollen.