Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops are plants genetically engineered (modified) to contain the endospore (or crystal) toxins of the bacterium, Bt to be resistant to certain insect pests.
What are the pest resistant plants?
Pest resistant plants such as Bt-cotton and Bt-brinjal have the cry gene from a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis, that produces crystal toxins. These toxins are harmless to humans but are fatal to a variety of pests.
Which plant is genetically transformed for insect pest resistance?
Corn, cotton and potatoes are three of the many commercial crops targeted for Bt insect resistance.
Why these genetically modified crops are mainly pest resistance?
Pest resistant GM crops (primarily cotton and maize), have been genetically modified so they are toxic to certain insects. They are often called Bt crops because the introduced genes were originally identified in a bacterial species called Bacillus thuringiensis.
Which is genetically modified plants to resist certain viruses?
Transgenic plants carrying nucleotide sequences derived from plant viruses can exhibit increased resistance to viral disease. Many viral sequences confer some level of either resistance to infection or suppression of disease symptoms (tolerance).
What is the gene modification of pest resistance?
Abstract. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops are plants genetically engineered (modified) to contain the endospore (or crystal) toxins of the bacterium, Bt to be resistant to certain insect pests.
How do you make a plant pest resistant?
Plants have been developed with short sequences of genes from Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis-this bacterium produce proteins that kill certain insects with alkaline digestive tracts) to express the crystal protein Bt makes.
Which of the following gene is used for insect resistance?
In the process of producing insect-resistant crops, specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from B. thuringiensis and incorporated into the crops.
What is meant by pest resistance?
Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest.
What is pest resistant plants explain in brief with the help of example?
Pest resistant plants are genetically modified plants which has resistance to the pests. Pests include any species of animals/plants/insects/mites, etc., Pests cause land degradation, reduce the productivity of crops. Pest resistant plants are also known as Bt Crops that are harmful to the pests affecting them.
Which of the following plant nutrients imparts resistant to disease and insect pest?
Calcium in the plant is used to make Calcium Pectate – this determines how strong the cell walls are, and how resistant they are to insect and disease attack. Many diseases in many crops can be prevented by having enough Calcium in the plant tissue.
Which of the following is an example of genetically modified plant?
Many GMO crops are used to make ingredients that Americans eat such as cornstarch, corn syrup, corn oil, soybean oil, canola oil, or granulated sugar. A few fresh fruit and vegetables are available in GMO varieties, including potatoes, summer squash, apples, papayas, and pink pineapples.
What is an example of pesticide resistance?
A classic example is the house fly. Populations of this insect that became resistant to DDT in the 1950s, also exhibited resistance, with no previous exposure, to pyrethroid insecticides used decades later. DDT and pyrethroids have the same MOA. This phenomenon is known as cross-resistance.
What is the example of virus resistance?
The first example of genetically engineered virus resistance was TMV resistance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (Abel et al. 1986). Researchers hypothesized that they could develop resistance genes from plant virus sequences, perhaps duplicating the phenomenon of cross protection transgenically.
What is genetic resistance in plants?
Plants have evolved R genes (resistance genes) whose products mediate resistance to specific virus, bacteria, oomycete, fungus, nematode or insect strains.
Which one of the following genetically engineered crop is permitted in India for commercial exploitation?
Bt cotton is the only genetically modified (GM) crop that has been approved for commercial cultivation in 2002 by the Government of India.
How are plants with pest resistance and herbicide resistance manipulated?
Other methods by which crops are genetically modified to survive exposure to herbicides including: 1) producing a new protein that detoxifies the herbicide; 2) modifying the herbicide’s target protein so that it will not be affected by the herbicide; or 3) producing physical or physiological barriers preventing the
Which of the following genes is widely used for imparting insect resistance in crop plants?
Bacillus thuringiensis is a major source of insecticidal genes imparting insect resistance in transgenic plants.
How is pest resistance used in food and agriculture industries?
IPM uses a systems approach to reduce pest damage to tolerable levels through a variety of techniques, including natural predators and parasites, genetically resistant hosts, environmental modifications and, when necessary and appropriate, chemical pesticides.
What are the 2 types of plant resistance?
Plant resistance can broadly be classified as (1) antixenosis (or nonpreference), i.e., how much damage is suffered or how many herbivore individuals a plant attracts during a specific time period, or as (2) antibiosis, i.e., how suitable a plant is for the herbivore (Box 1; Painter, 1951; Kogan and Ortman, 1978).
How is Bt cotton genetically modified?
Bt cotton has been genetically modified by the insertion of one or more genes from a common soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. These genes encode for the production of insecticidal proteins, and thus, genetically transformed plants produce one or more toxins as they grow.