Abstract. Squalene, a hydrocarbon obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil and other botanic sources, is increasingly used as an immunologic adjuvant in several vaccines, including seasonal and the novel influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic flu vaccines.
What does the flu injection contain?
Egg protein
Many flu vaccines are made by growing the viruses inside fertilized chicken eggs. This means that they contain a small amount of egg protein. A newer version of the vaccine, called Flucelvax, is grown in animal cells instead.
What is squalene found in?
What is Squalene? Squalene (or squalane is when it is processed for products) is a natural oil that comes from shark liver. The molecule C30H50 is also found in many plants such as olive oil, and is harvested from plants like sugarcane and soap box for the synthesis of other compounds.
What is this year’s flu vaccine made of?
This vaccine is made with an adjuvant (an ingredient that helps create a stronger immune response). An egg-based live attenuated flu nasal spray vaccine (FluMist Quadrivalent) made with attenuated (weakened) live flu viruses, which is approved for use in people 2 years through 49 years.
Is squalene toxic to humans?
Safety. Toxicology studies indicate that in the concentrations used in cosmetics, squalene has low acute toxicity, and is not a significant contact allergen or irritant.
What foods is squalene in?
In nature, the highest levels of squalene can be found among olives, sharks, liver oil, wheat germ and rice bran. The main animal source of squalene is sourced from certain deep-sea shark varieties. For consumers seeking products containing a plant-based squalene source, olive tree offers a viable alternative.
What does squalene do in the body?
Squalene is a slippery liquid that occurs naturally in plants, animals, and even human sebum. It plays a key role in lubricating and protecting your skin from UV damage. This colorless, odorless lipid comprises at least 10 percent of your skin’s natural oils.
Is squalene found in humans?
Squalene is distributed ubiquitously in human tissues, with the greatest concentrations in the skin, where it appears to function as a quencher of singlet oxygen, protecting the skin surface from lipid peroxidation due to exposure to UV radiation.
What are the ingredients in the quadrivalent flu vaccine?
Each dose of 0.5 mL dose of clear-to-slightly opalescent suspension contains 4 strains of influenza virus. Nonmedicinal ingredients: egg protein, sodium phosphate-buffered, isotonic sodium chloride solution, formaldehyde, Triton® X-100, sucrose, gelatin, and thimerosal (multidose preparation only).
What are the side effects of the flu shot 2022?
Common side effects from the flu shot include:
- Soreness, redness, and/or swelling from the shot.
- Headache.
- Fever.
- Nausea.
- Muscle aches.
What is different about the over 65 flu shot?
The higher dose of antigen in the vaccine is intended to give people 65 years and older a better immune response to vaccination, and therefore, better protection against flu. Both Fluzone High-Dose and Fluzone Quadrivalent (standard dose) are produced by the same manufacturer and are quadrivalent vaccines.
Does olive oil contain squalene?
Squalene is found in olive oil at a concentration ranging from 0.7 to 12 g per kilogram of oil. The squalene content depends on the olive cultivar and oil-extraction technology, and it is dramatically reduced during the process of refining.
Is squalene an endocrine disruptor?
Squalene is a potential endocrine modulator in rat: A proof-of-principle study with 3-methylcholanthrene-induced toxicity. Andrologia.
Is squalene same as fish oil?
Squalene is a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon with a formula of C₃₀H₅₀. Squalene can be found in certain fish oils, especially shark liver oil, in high amounts and some vegetable oils in relatively smaller amounts. Human sebum also contains 13% squalene as one of its major constituents.
What brands use squalene from sharks?
Shark liver oil or squalene is commonly used in cosmetic products ranging from anti-aging creams, lotions, deodorants, hair conditioners, eye shadows, lipstick, foundation, lip balms, sunscreen, and cleansers.
Other Brands:
- Lush.
- ACURE.
- Alchimie Forever.
- Arbonne.
- Beautycounter.
- Beauty Without Cruelty.
- Biossance.
- Bliss.
Is squalene a precursor to steroid hormones?
Squalene is also the biochemical precursor to steroids. It is the precursor for the synthesis of all plant and animal sterols, including cholesterol and steroid hormones in the human body.
Is squalene anti-inflammatory?
Squalene has anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-mediated inflammatory response. Squalene targets pro-inflammatory mediators such as TLR4, iNOS, COX-2 or MPO. Squalene enhanced expression of anti-inflammatory enzymes (HO-1). Squalene modulated Nrf2, NF-κB, MAPKs, MMPs and PPARγ signalling pathways.
What products contain squalene?
Commercially derived from shark liver, squalene/squalane is found in cosmetic products including sunscreens, anti-aging creams, lotions, hair conditioners, deodorants, eye shadows, lip balms, lipstick, and face cleansers. It is also used in vaccines and in some have medicinal pills and supplements.
Does squalane cause Gulf War Syndrome?
No, squalene does not cause Gulf War Syndrome.
Can you be allergic to squalane?
Squalane can sometimes cause irritation, which mostly roots from an allergic reaction. Then quite possibly follow – itching, redness, and swelling. Therefore, if you are using Squalane for the first time, make sure you apply it over a limited skin area.
What is squalene drug?
Squalene is originally obtained from shark liver oil. It is a natural 30-carbon isoprenoid compound and intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is not susceptible to lipid peroxidation and provides skin protection.